Endourologic Management of an Iatrogenic Ureteral Avulsion Using a Thermoexpandable Nickel–Titanium Alloy Stent (Memokath 051)

Background: The use of ureteroscopy in the management of urolithiasis is well established. Ureteral avulsion is a rare but challenging complication of the procedure. Postureteral injury strictures are a common result of such injuries and are typically managed with reconstructive surgery or endoscopically with polymer stent. This case represents the first effective management of ureteral avulsion and subsequent ureteral stricture using a Memokath ureteral stent. Case Presentation: A 54-year-old gentleman presented to the Department of Urology with right loin pain as a result of right renal calculi, previously treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. The patient was investigated with ultrasonography and noncontrast CT of his urinary tract, revealing mild right-sided hydroureteronephrosis and two right proximal ureteral stones, measuring 9 and 4 mm, respectively. He underwent a right semirigid ureteroscopy and laser stone fragmentation with complete stone clearance, but on withdrawal of the ureteroscope, a right ureteral injury occurred with ureteral mucosal avulsion extending from the L3/L4 vertebrae to the right vesicoureteral junction. Upon consideration of several options for management of this ureteral avulsion, the patient opted for endourologic stenting. After 10 months, the patient developed a ureteral stricture as a result of the avulsion. He was troubled with stent-related symptoms and wanted to avoid reconstructive surgery and, therefore, opted for a Memokath ureteral stent. The patient recovered well with excellent renal function and drainage on subsequent mercaptoacetyl-triglycyl renogram. Conclusion: Ureteral avulsion is a rare but important complication of ureteroscopy with numerous options available for management. Discussions should be had with the patient to weigh the various options, and metallic stents should be considered in the long-term management of such injuries and their sequel.